教研動態

COVID-19疫情期間執行研究之挑戰與因應

2023/07/15/護理系/陳素惠

新冠肺炎(COVID-19)是由嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症冠狀病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)引起的高度傳染性疾病(WHO, 2022)。自 2019 年 12 月首次報告以來,COVID-19 大流行對全球健康造成巨大影響,並導致數十萬人死亡(Nicola et al., 2021; WHO, 2022)。除此之外,因為疫情,人民被迫與親友隔離、影響心理健康、甚至導致經濟困難和失業等社會問題(Brooke & Clark, 2020; Nicola et al., 2021; Sohrabi et al., 2021)。

SARS-Cov-2 病毒 (COVID-19) 不僅威脅到全世界人民的健康,也給學術研究帶來挑戰。儘管許多機構已擬定COVID-19疫情之因措施與指引,但對於研究過程所面臨之挑戰與因應之報告仍然有限。

類風濕關節炎(RA)是一種常見於女性的疾病,為一慢性、全身性關節自體免疫的健康問題;通常發生在20至40歲之間(WHO, 2020)。在疾病發作的十年內,至少有50%的患者合併關節的病變。RA最常見的症狀包括關節疼痛、腫脹、和僵硬,這些症狀導致RA個案日常活動減少和工作能力降低,進而影響RA患者的生活品質(Sok et al., 2019)。文獻指出RA患者以四十多歲時被診斷最多(Lin et al., 2004),隨著平均餘命的增加,RA患者將需與疾病共處達40年以上。因此,病患極需學習如何自我管理RA所帶來的影響。

多數研究證實,RA的自我管理計劃可為患者帶來的益處超過常規護理,成效包括改善RA症狀、提升自我效能、與促進生活品質等(Shao et al., 2021)。唯目前傳統自我管理方案有其限制,包括個案活動的問題、無法立即的提供協助、與地點的限制等(Azevedo et al., 2015; Prothero et al., 2017; Shigaki, et al., 2013; Stenzel et al., 2022)。因此e化方案具推廣的價值。

本研究為一隨機對照試驗,測試app自我管理方案對RA之成效。執行期間適逢新冠疫情,為了解疫情期間護理研究所面臨的挑戰,於一項隨機對照之長期研究過程中,進行民族誌(collaborative autoethnographic report)之資料收集與分析,透過內容分析法歸納出疫情期間執行研究面臨的挑戰:個案的篩查和招募、方案的施的實施、追蹤的困難、及預算的增加。為因應上述挑戰,研究延長了一年的研究時程、調整方案的介入方式、增加研究預算、增聘研究助理、與增加研究場所等。

因應疫情擬定策略以克服 COVID-19 帶來的挑戰相當重要,可經此改善疫情期間之照護品質,並預防因此而限制學術研究的發展。COVID-19的大流行為我們帶來了多重挑戰。雖目前已進入後疫情時代,本研究經驗仍可做為日後面對相似情境時之參考。

參考文獻:

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