頭頸癌病人之照顧者復原力與家庭功能
2023/01/29/護理系(所)暨高齡暨長期照護研究中心/陳淑卿
頭頸部癌症因疾病的特性,疾病及治療經常引起口腔功能不良及顏面毀損,造成咀嚼、吞嚥、進食、溝通及社交,導致營養不良、體能下降及社交障礙,日常生活需依賴照顧者,進而影響家庭功能(Chen, Huang, Hung, Lin, & Chang, 2019; Chiu, Cho, Huang, Lin, Chung, Chang, & Chen, 2023)。
頭頸癌病人的特質
台灣地區多數的頭頸癌病人為男性,從事勞動工作藍領階層,中壯年居多且為家庭的主要經濟支柱,罹癌前有抽菸、喝酒及嚼時檳榔的習慣,口腔清潔、癌症預防及健康促進的素養不足。
照顧者負荷、需求與復原力
多數的頭頸癌病人之照顧者為配偶,住院期間照顧者感受到中等程度的照顧負荷,照顧者社會支持越低、病人身體與日常需求、訊息需求及心理需求越高,其照顧者感受到的照顧負荷越高(Chen, Tsai, Liu, Yu, Liao, & Chang, 2009)。主要的未滿足支持性需求為訊息需求及健康照護服務需求,病人症狀困擾越高及照顧者感受到來自於家庭的社會支持越差,照顧者有較高的未滿足支持性照護需求(Chen, Lai, Liao, Huang, Lin, Fan, & Chang, 2014)。
主要照顧者在協助病人處理治療及各種不同層面問題時扮演重要角色,照顧者負荷及壓力會影響照顧及問題解決能力,照顧者復原力(caregiver resilience)是指照顧者確認及發展資源與力量,以控制壓力,達到正向結果,恢復自信、生活滿意度及自尊。病人治療結束後半年內,有33.8%的照顧者有中低至中等程度的復原力,61.5%的照顧者有低度的復原力(Chen, Huang, Hung, Lin, Chang, & Chung, 2020)。照顧者復原力從病人治療結束後,至治療結束後一年,逐漸上升,病人年紀越大、身體活動功能越好、距離診斷時間越長、照顧者社會支持越好、身體及心理社會生活品質越好,照顧者復原力改變越好(Lee, Huang, Lin, Chung, Chang, & Chen, 2022)。
家庭功能
家庭功能是指家庭對於不同情境調節的能力,包括調適、夥伴關係、成長、請感與意志。病人治療結束後半年內,有62.1%的配偶照顧者感受到有功能的家庭,有34.8%的配偶照顧者感受到中等程度的家庭功能不良,有3.0%的配偶照顧者感受到高度的庭功能不良。家庭年收入越低、病人心理社會功能越差、配偶照顧者堅韌力越差、較少使用主動因應及感受到伴侶關係越差,其家庭功能越差(Huang, Lin, Hung, Chung, Chang, & Chen, 2022)。
存活照護
根據以上研究結果,提供所需的醫療相關訊息、病人照顧技巧訓練、邀請病人及照顧者參加支持團體、提供心理諮詢及相關社會資源及因應技巧訓練,可提升家庭功能。
參考文獻:
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